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Makoi/ black nightshade uses and cultivation practices.

Uncategorized Oct 20, 2020

Scientific name –Solanum nigrum

Family – Solanaceae

Chromosome number 2n=24

Origin and distribution

  • Makoi has originated in India
  • It is found in Sri Lanka, China, Guyana, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Europe, etc.

Composition and uses

  • The leaves, green berries, as well as the whole plant are medicinally important
  • The leaves contain glycol-alkaloids solamargine and solasodine
  • Immature green berries contain solamargine, solasonine, α-solanigrine β-solanigrine, which yield solasodine as aglycone
  • The total alkaloid content of the leaf and berry is 0.4 and 0.1% respectively
  • The whole plant is credited with anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, diuretic, expectorant and laxative properties

Propagation

  • Makoi is propagated using seeds
  • Seeds can be directly sown or seedlings are transplanted after raising in the nursery
  • The seed rate is 200-250g/ha
  • Pre-soaking seeds in 500ppm GA3 for 12 hours enhance germination
  • Seeds being small are mixed with fine sand and sown in 10cm wide lines 1cm deep
  • Seeds germinate by a week and seedlings are ready for transplanting by a month

Planting

  • Makoi seedlings are transplanted at 60x45cm spacing in the inner side of ridges
  • The best time of transplanting is June-July
  • Gap filling is done after 15 days of planting

Manures and fertilizers

  • FYM @ 10-15tons/ha is incorporated at the time of last ploughing
  • 100:50:50kg of N:P2O5:K2O is recommended
  • Half N and full P and K is given 7 days after transplanting
  • Remaining half N is top dressed after 30 days and the crop is earthed up

written by

suma c hosalli

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  • glycol-alkaloids
  • laxative
  • makoi
  • solanaceae
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